各位团友：
今天我们将旅行被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山，位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。
华山古称西岳，是我国五岳之一，因山峰做作排列若花状，故得名华山。1992年12月会山被评为全国景致名胜40佳之一。即便没来有来过华山的朋友也会从一些有趣的神话和掌故中懂得到一些华山的情形，如“自古华山一条路”、“华岳仙掌”、“沉香劈山救母”、“华山论剑”，以及近代的智取华山等，这些美丽的神话传说和故事体现了自古以来人们对华山的憧憬和崇敬。
华南山北瞰黄河，南依秦岭，被称为“华山如立”，全部山体线条简练，形如刀削、斧劈，奇峰突兀，巍峨壮丽。被誉为“天下奇险第一山”。
说到奇，它是由一块宏大的完全的花岗岩形成。古人云，“山无石不奇，无纯石不大奇”，“华山削成而四方，其广十里，高五千仞，一石也”是谓之“大奇”。华山共有五座主峰，其中东、西、南三峰最高，三峰鼎立矗立，“势飞向云外，影倒黄河里”，有“天外三峰”之称。提到险，其凌空架设的“长空栈道”，悬岩镌刻的“全真岩”，三面临空，上凸下凹的“风筝翻身”以及在峭壁悬岩上开凿的千尺童、百尺峡、老君犁沟、擦耳崖、苍龙岭等处都奇险异样。“自古华山一条路”。山中途径仅有南北一线，约10公里，逶迤崎岖，艰险曲折，不少地方真堪称是“一夫当关，万夫莫开”。
西岳除了有绚丽的天然景观之外，同时又有丰盛的历史文明积淀，人文景观亘古未有。仅山上山下及峪道沿途，题字、诗文、石刻就会使人流连忘返。
朋友们，我们现在来到的就是玉泉院，据说因这里的泉水与山顶的玉井相通，水质清洌甜蜜，故名“玉泉院”。它是攀缘华山的必经之地。相传为隐士陈抟所建。院内殿宇亭台、回廊波折，泉水淙淙，是游赏胜地。玉泉院与我们一会将会面到的东道院、镇岳宫都是道教的运动场合，现共有殿宇53间。院中建造多是清代乾隆年间从新建筑的。
各位友人，我们现在位于五峰之一北峰脚下，距华山谷口约10公里，这里是华山山峪水流的源头。请大家顺着我手指的方向看那些树，兴许是很多人都会意识它，对，就是青柯树。这里青柯树在此浮苍点黛，故名“青柯坪”。
过青柯坪至转意石。登山的道路由此交从平坦的石板路变为在峭壁上开凿的狭小的石梯，眼看山路回旋而上，许多意志单薄的游客来到这里都会翻然悔悟望山兴叹无功而返。
朋友们，现在我们已达到了北峰。经过前面三关，我想大家已经对华山的险有了必定的认识了吧。北峰双名云台峰，海拔1550米，这里山势峥嵘，三面悬绝，巍然独秀，有若云状，因恰似一座云台而得名。它的高度是最低的，却有着十分主要的地舆地位，它把守的四峰的要枢。我们眼前的这个小亭叫“军魂亭”，此名起源于景片《智取华山》。
现在我们来到的是中峰。中峰又名玉女峰。传说年龄时，华山隐士萧史，善吹洞箫，精美的箫声赢得秦穆公的小女儿弄玉的倾慕，使她废弃了豪华舒服的宫廷生涯，随箫史在此隐居，多年后二人羽化乘凤而去，山上许多名胜也因而得名。有玉女洗头盆、捐躯树等。因为这则俏丽的恋情故事，华山在它博大、肃穆、深厚之后又被赋于了一些浪漫与温顺。
经中峰，我陪伴大家去东峰参观。
东峰，又称旭日峰，峰顶有向阳台，在此是观日出的最佳地方。山不在高，有仙则名。华山据传是众多仙人聚居的地方。道家仙境。传说宋太祖赵匡胤与华山山人陈抟老祖在一个孤峰，上有棋台，那就是他们下棋的处所。陈抟又叫希夷先生，是一个有道行的神仙，二人经由商讨，越匡胤以华山做赌注。成果输给了陈抟，按当时订破的前提，华山自此成为道家的道场且永有纳粮。在东东峰的东崖上，有一自然图案。大家看到了吧，像不像一只巨掌?这只巨掌20余丈，五指错落不齐，中指直贯高峰，每当日光照耀，五指跃然如悬图上。这就是所谓的“关中八景”之首的“华岳仙掌”。据说在良久以前，华山跟中条山相连，右足登开中条山，给黄河开出一条通道，当初咱们看到的就是河神的手指在托华山时留下的指印。
南峰又名落雁峰，是华山最顶峰，海拔2160米，来到这里如临仙境。正如古诗所云“惟有天在上，更无山与齐，仰头红日近，昂首白云低”。这里四处都是松林，杂以桧柏，迤逦数里，浓阴密闭。现在我们面前看到的是险要之处就是第四险关“长空栈疲惫”。长空栈道悬空半壁，下临深渊，是华山最险要处之一。不过人的胆量和动摇的意志，是不敢一游的。峰顶有“太上泉”，池水青绿澄澈，长年不竭，俗称“仰天池”。池崖上镌刻甚多，多为明清和近代诗人所题。武侠小说《射雕好汉传》中描述的“华山论剑”大略也是产生在南峰。
我们现在来到是华山的精髓局部。西峰，又称莲花峰，得名于峰顶翠云庙前右侧的那块大石，其状如莲花，山峰奇拨陡峭，如刀切剑削，壁立千仞。此峰最高处有“摘星台”，登台鸟瞰，秦川茫茫，蓝天如洗，浩瀚无际，渭、洛二水如银带，北望黄河细如丝。唐代大诗人李白观此景后曾写下“华山峥嵘何壮哉，黄河如丝天涯来”的漂亮诗句。
各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。此刻我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。
大家必须想明白城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是之后随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今日城市的解释。
“城”字最早出此刻周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自我，宣示国威。此刻我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年(公元1370年)朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年(公元1378年)完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上坚持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。
各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢它的结构又是怎样的据测算，西安城墙周长11.9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631.2米，南城墙3441.6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。
大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫瓮城。所谓瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上头的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关掉城门后尚未回城的人可连同自我牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门(西门)瓮城北门外约17.5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5.5米，宽2.4米。此刻大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9.5米。
护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天祐年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。
此刻我们来到西安城内东北处，那里以往是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。m.lVyougl
明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：
中山门(小东门)，在此刻的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的;勿幕门(小南门)，在今日的四府街南端;玉祥门(小西门)，在莲湖路西端，后，此门被拆;门(小北门)，原名中正门，在路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。
一般游客明白明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，仅有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。
古代城垣设施不仅仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。之后在原址上复建魁星楼，值得一看!欢迎借阅!
Ladies and gentlemen, there is Zhuge Liang hall. The lintels and pillars ofthe hall are covered with plaques and couplets left by predecessors. One of themost famous is a couplet hanging in the middle of Zhuge Liang's palace, whichsays: "if you can work hard, you'll lose your mind. From ancient times, you knowthat soldiers are not belligerent; if you don't judge the situation, you'll belenient and strict. Later, you'll have to think deeply about how to governShu.". Lianwen was written by Zhao fan, a native of Jianchuan, Yunnan Provincein the late Qing Dynasty.
The Shanglian said that Zhuge Liang was able to use the tactics of"attacking the heart" in fighting, such as making Meng Huo's heart full ofadmiration when he was in the southern expedition. In this way, he praised ZhugeLiang as a militarist who really knew how to fight with troops, not a warlikeone.
The second couplet praises Zhuge Liang's ability to judge the situation andformulate a lenient and strict law, which has achieved good results, and remindsthose who later govern Sichuan to learn from it. This couplet makes an objectiveevaluation of Zhuge Liang's use of troops and administration, and puts forwardtwo enlightening questions of "attacking the heart" and "judging the situation".It is the top grade of the couplets on the plaque of Wuhou Temple and one of thefamous couplets in China.
In the hall of Zhuge Liang, there are statues of Zhuge Liang, his son andgrandson. Zhuge Liang is like a man on a platform in the middle of the shrine.He has a feather fan and a silk scarf. He is wearing a golden robe. He isconcerned about the country and the people, and has a deep and farsighted look,which shows the demeanor of a generation of Confucians. Zhuge Liang (181-234),who was born in Yinan, Shandong Province, was an outstanding statesman andmilitarist in Chinese history. When he was young, he lived in seclusion inLongzhong, Xiangfan. Because of his intelligence, hard work and ambition, he gotthe reputation of "Wolong". At the request of Liu Bei, he went out of themountain to assist Liu Bei and established Shu Han. After Liu Bei's death, hewas entrusted with the important task of assisting his son Liu Chan, who ruledShu for more than 20 years. He practiced enlightenment, gave strict rewards andpunishments, selected talents and appointed talents, built water conservancy,developed production, marched south to central China, and attacked Qishan in thenorth. With loyalty, diligence, honesty and intelligence, he brought stabilityand prosperity to Shu. Chen Shou, a historian, commented that the state of Shuat that time had clear politics, honest and upright people, open fields, richwarehouses, and peaceful scenes everywhere. Due to overwork, he died inwuzhangyuan army at the age of 54. He was buried at the foot of Dingjun mountainin Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province.
Zhuge Liang has done a lot of good things in his life, such as beingdiligent, loving the people and being beneficial to social progress. After hisdeath, people miss him very much and respect him very much for his spirit ofdevoting himself to his life. As a result, people built one Wuhou Temple afteranother to commemorate him, and worshipped him as a model of loyal officials,virtuous prime minister and the embodiment of wisdom.
Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Shang, the grandson of ZhugeLiang, led the Wei army to fight a decisive battle in Mianzhu when the Shu HanDynasty was faced with survival. Finally, they died for their country becausethey were outnumbered.
There is a bronze drum in Zhuge Liang hall, which is a cultural relic inthe fifth and sixth centuries. Bronze drum, originally a cooking utensil ofsouthwest ethnic minorities in ancient times, has appeared as early as thespring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Later, the bronze drumgradually evolved into a kind of musical instrument and ritual instrument, whichwas used in gatherings and celebrations. It was also a symbol of wealth andpower. It is said that Zhuge Liang used this kind of bronze drum during hissouthern expedition. It was used for cooking in the daytime and for alarming inthe evening. Therefore, it is also called Zhuge drum.
In the wing rooms on both sides outside the hall, there are woodcut poemson display. It's in the west wing_ In the East chamber, there are 12 pieces ofwoodcut "Longzhongdui" and "chushibiao".
Sanyi Temple:
After leaving Zhuge Liang hall, there is Sanyi temple. Sanyi Temple got itsname from offering sacrifices to Liu, Guan and Zhang, who were the three membersof Taoyuan. The temple was built in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the QingDynasty, with four entrances and five halls. Now only worship hall, main hall,into a courtyard layout. Sanyi temple was originally located in Tidu street inthe center of the city. Due to the need of urban construction, it was moved herein 1997. In the relocation project, in strict accordance with the nationalregulations on cultural relics, the original building components were removed byserial number and transported to the new site to be built according to theserial number to restore the original appearance.
The restored Sanyi temple is towering, and its architectural form is thesame as that of Liubei hall. The roof is a single eaves hard hill type, coveredby green simple tiles. The structure is a wood stone structure, with a beamlifting wooden frame, and the columns and column bases are made of stone. Thereare 40 round columns carved from the whole stone, with a diameter of 0. Fivemeters. There are 24 stone pillars engraved with 12 couplets in gold. In themain hall, clay statues of Liu, Guan and Zhang are restored, and ten stone linedrawings of the story of the three kingdoms are added to the two walls of thegallery. The painting is taken from the Ming Dynasty version of the romance ofthe Three Kingdoms. The materials of these paintings are as follows: Taoyuan SanJie Yi, San Ying Zhan Lu Bu, Zhang Fei whipping du you, Liu Bei recruitingrelatives, Guan Gong scraping bone to cure poison, etc.
Tomb of Liu Bei:
From Sanyi temple to the west, cross the small bridge, pass Guihe buildingand Qinting, and enter the Red Wall Road surrounded by green bamboo. At the endof the road is Liu Bei's tomb. The earth mound of Liu Bei's tomb is 12 metershigh and covered with green shade. There is a 180 meter long brick wallsurrounding the mausoleum. There are steles and halls in front of themausoleum.
After failing to defeat Wu, Liu Bei retreated to Baidi city and settled in220 ad_ He died of illness in April. In May, Zhuge Liang Fuling pivot back toChengdu, August burial, tomb known as "Huiling.". Huiling is a tomb for husbandand wife. At the same time, Mrs. Gan, the mother of empress Liu Chan, wasburied. 20_ Five years later, empress mu, another wife of Liu Bei, died and wasalso buried here. The tomb is more than 1700 years ago. No theft has been found.The condition of the tomb is unknown.
There is a story in Youyang Zazu written by Duan Chengshi in the TangDynasty: a group of tomb robbers entered Liu Bei's Huiling mausoleum on a darknight. When they entered the tomb, they saw that the lights were shining inside.Liu Bei was playing chess with one man and ten warriors stood by one side.Scared out of their wits, the thieves knelt down one after another to beg formercy. Liu Bei waved to the guards to give them jade belts and Qiongjiang. Theydrank the jade paste, tied the jade belt, and climbed out of the hole in panic.Looking back, the hole was naturally sealed. The jade belt became a big snake,wrapped around their waist, and the jade paste became glue and stuck to theirmouth. It is said that no one dares to touch Liu Bei's tomb any more.
Out of Liu Bei's tomb, we come to the newly built exhibition area of "ThreeKingdoms culture". The exhibition area consists of exhibition hall and externalenvironment. The external environment is composed of gods and beasts Tianlu,dispelling evil spirits, remnant pillars of the Han Palace, soldiers fightingfor the country, stone inscriptions on the remnant wall, Linjiang immortal byYang Shen, and preface of stone inscriptions. The exhibition hall is dividedinto five exhibition areas, which are war situation, a glimpse of agricultureand mulberry, folk customs, art and forest, and the lingering charm of Liufeng.There are hundreds of cultural relics, materials and pictures on display. Thematerials are rich and colorful, the artistic techniques are vivid andintuitive, and the collection of knowledge and appreciation is one of them,which is very worthy of careful observation.
西安清真大寺位于陕西省西安市西大街鼓楼西北隅的化觉巷内。因为它与大进修巷的清真寺对象遥遥相对，并且局限较大，故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺。
西安清真大寺是一座汗青久长、局限弘大的古构筑群。据寺内现存碑文记实，清真大寺建设于唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(公元七四二年)，距今已有一千二百五十余年的汗青。历经宋、元，出格是明、清屡次重修和扩建，慢慢形成此刻局限弘大、壮观，楼、台、亭、殿机关紧凑调和，肃静肃穆的一组古构筑群。
西安清真大寺特色
寺院占地面积一万三千多平方米，构筑面积六千多平方米。全寺院沿对象走向呈长方形，共分四进院落。院内树木成荫，花园对称分列，石刻牌楼耸立其间。
_进院内，古建木质大牌楼矗立在砖雕大照壁的扑面，异角飞檐，斗拱层叠，楼顶琉璃包围，蔚为壮观。该牌楼约建于十七世纪初，距今已有三百六十余年。其南北两侧各有厢房三间，现陈列着明清古式家具等。
颠末五间楼，进入二进院落，直立石牌楼一座，为三间四柱式，中楣雕刻“天监在兹”，两翼各为“虔敬省礼”和“钦翼昭事”，对象有踏道，绕以石栏杆杆，约建于明代。
西安清真大寺院落机关
院落正耸立着一座二层三檐八角攒顶的“省心楼”。高耸稳定，巍然屹立，极为壮观，为宣礼者呼喊教徒星期的至高点。省心楼下雕栏内的二龙戏珠石刻，相传是唐代遗物。南侧有官殿，北侧有讲经堂，经堂内珍藏着明代手抄本《古兰经》和清代绘制的天方麦加图。官殿东邻有穆斯林教徒星期前洗浴的水房。
跨过饰有雕镂精细的砖刻的连三门，就是寺院的_后一进院落。起首看到的“一真”亭是一座集碑楼和亭阁于一体的奇异构筑。主亭呈六角形，飞檐尖顶，两侧三角形似牌坊，阁下翘翼，三亭相连，貌似凤凰展翅，有声有色，又称凤凰亭。亭中檐下悬“一真”雕龙小匾一块，系明建文元年兵部尚书铁铉手书。
“一真”亭南北各有面宽七间的厢房，南厅原为迎接历代朝廷文武宣谕天子诏书而建筑，现铺排有鱼骨镶嵌的黄杨屏风十二扇，工艺精深、造型雅观。厅内展示明清两代的桌椅、瓷器，书画等文物。北厅存放着唐天宝元年敕赐进士、户部员外郎兼侍御史王鉷所撰《建设清真寺碑记》、明嘉靖年重修清真寺碑各一通以及清官石、日晷等。
走出南北厅、跨上辽阔的月台，即是巍峨壮观的星期大殿。殿宽七间，进深九间，屋顶覆以蓝色琉璃瓦，飞檐斗拱弘大，殿内天棚藻井彩绘蔓草斑纹套刻六百余幅，附近镶嵌着大型木板镌刻中、阿文《古兰经》各三十幅，是今朝天下教寺院极为有数的巨型《古兰经》镌刻艺术。大殿可容纳一千多人同时做星期。
西安小皮院清真寺位于古城西安市中心的小皮院巷内，东邻市当局大院(亦是明清陕西巡抚衙门地址地)。它以久长的汗青和为穆斯林作育出大批有成绩的宗解说者而著称于世，并受到国表里人士的存眷。至今，每逢星期时，八方信众来此星期祷告，朗朗诵经声一直于耳，宗教糊口情况如同昔时。
据寺内原碑(已毁)和现存碑文记实，小皮院清真寺原名“真教寺”、“万寿寺”，又因其在化觉巷清真大寺(也叫东大寺)以北，且局限较大，亦称“北大寺"。据传，该寺兴建于唐末，宋徽宗(大观)丁亥年(1107年)，真教寺为长安京兆四坊旧有“清真寺”，是西安教最早构筑之一。
该寺敕建于元仁宗皇庆元年即公元1312年。据明太祖朱元璋洪武元年(1368年)岁次正月敕匾该寺(百字赞)和明万历三十九年至四十二年(1611—1614年)间重修寺碑记曰：“‘天方之一脉，肇于唐初，盛于大元，皇庆(仁宗)年间，以迄于今，历千余载。’为进士马士骐撰，其新野回回人也”(见马以愚《中国回教史鉴》100页)。
二十世纪三十年月末，该寺曾遭侵华日寇飞机的轰炸，所幸为哑弹，大殿才免遭恶运。在上世纪六、七十年月的“十年大难”中，寺毁殆尽，寺内历代牌匾30多面被毁，仅剩星期殿孑然危立。小皮院清真寺的牌匾在大殿立柱下有明太祖御制至圣“百字赞”的木质牌匾一幅，山门正中门楣和一进院二门内后檐上别离悬挂明礼部侍郎董其昌题写的“开天古教”匾和“敕赐星期寺”匾，北厅房檐下悬挂清嘉庆年云贵总督僧学谦题写的“六来堂”匾，大殿门内上方悬挂“钦若吴天”牌匾，大殿门内北侧上方悬挂“临下有慑”匾，大殿檐下悬挂“道贯古今”、“三畏四毋”匾，均由秦陇复汉军戎马总都督张云山题写。清光绪26年，庚子之役，慈禧与光绪从北京逃至西安，次年返京前为西安小皮院清真寺等挥笔题匾，河南导游词，慈禧手书“派衍天方”，光绪天子手书“教崇西域”，大殿中阁门上悬挂慈禧手书龙头“福”字匾。大殿左檐下悬挂29年百姓当局行政院副院长白崇禧题写的“兴教开国”匾。
1980年往后，跟着国度民族宗教的落实，寺院回到坊民手中，1990年，大殿被列为省级重点文物掩护单元。依据《中华人民共和国文物掩》“掩护文物，大家有责”的原则。为了使祖先遗留下来的这一贵重遗产不在我们这一代人中毁掉，经寺管会研究抉择，按照现残存构筑，全面恢复兴有面孔。在当局有关部分大力大举帮忙下，宽大坊民慷慨解囊筹措资金，为修复寺院做出了不懈全力。从八十年月中期开始，历时近二十年，终于使迂腐的清真寺面目一新，重放色泽。
华山，古称“西岳”，是我国著名的五岳之一，海拔2154.9米，位于陕西省西安以东120公里历史文化故地渭南市的华阴市境内，北临坦荡的渭河平原和咆哮的黄河，南依秦岭，是秦岭支脉分水脊的北侧的一座花岗岩山。凭借大自然风云变换的装扮，华山的千姿万态被有声有色的勾画出来，素有“奇险天下第一山”之称。它的历史衍化可追溯到1.2亿年前，据《山海经》记载：“太华之山，削成而四方，其高五千仞，其广十里。”
华山被称为西岳与东岳泰山并称，最早见于《尔雅·释山》一书。西岳这一称呼据说是因周平王迁都洛阳，华山在东周京城之西，故称"西岳"。以后秦王朝建都咸阳，西汉王朝建都长安，都在华山之西，所以华山不再称为"西岳"。直到汉光武帝刘秀在洛阳建立了东汉政权，华山就又恢复了"西岳"之称，并一直沿用至今。
华山以其峻峭吸引了无数浏览者。山上的观、院、亭、阁、皆依山势而建，一山飞峙，恰似空中楼阁，而且有古松相映，更是别具一格。山峰秀丽，又形象各异，如似韩湘子赶牛、金蟾戏龟、白蛇遭难……。峪道的潺潺流水，山涧的水帘瀑布，更是妙趣横生。并且华山还以其巍峨挺拔屹立于渭河平原。东、南、西三峰拔地而起，如刀一次削就。唐朝诗人张乔在他的诗中写道："谁将依天剑，削出倚天峰。"都是针对华山的挺拔如削而言的。同进华山山麓下的渭河平原海拔仅330-400米，而华山海拔2154.96米，高度差为1700多米，山势巍峨，更显其挺拔。
现在的华山有东、西、南、北、中五峰，主峰有南峰“落雁”、东峰“朝阳”、西峰“莲花”，三峰鼎峙，“势飞白云外影倒黄河里”，人称“天外三峰”。还有云台、玉女二峰相辅于侧，36小峰罗列于前，虎踞龙盘，气象森森，因山上气候多变，形成“云华山”、“雨华山”、“雾华山”、“雪华山”给人以仙境美感。是所谓的西京王气之所系。
华山是中华民族文化的发祥地之一，据清代著名学者章太炎先生考证，“中华”、“华夏”皆因华山而得名。《尚书》里就有有关华山的记载;《史记》中也有黄帝、尧、舜华山巡游的事迹。华山亦留有了无数名人的足迹，传说故事和古迹。自隋唐以来，李白、杜甫等文人墨客咏华山的诗歌、碑记和游记不下千余篇，摩岩石刻多达上千处。自汉杨宝、杨震到明清冯从吾、顾炎武等不少学者，曾隐居华山诸峪，开馆授徒，一时蔚为大观。而建于汉武帝在位时的西岳庙，有着“陕西故宫”和“五岳第一庙”之称誉，这是五岳中建制最早和面积最大的庙宇。中国历史上，曾有56位皇帝曾到此山巡游或举行祭祀活动。
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